Marxism: Analyze the contemporary Pakistani Society

Marxism or new Marxism which one you think is a better way to analyze the contemporary Pakistani society and why?

Marxism and neo Marxism are basically two different systems in conditions of their ideologies, Marxism aims at bringing impartiality among poorer and rich and decisively believe in the implementation of its theoretical explanation. According to the Marxist’s theorist’s most of the social problems basically arises from the class inequalities. According to the Marxist’s point of view a system of haves and have-nots may be profitable to the haves but often interpret into poverty for the have-nots. However on the other hand neo-Marxism is a loose term with no single definition and set to fit in several ideas and philosophies of Marxism including its critical theory as well. Neo- Marxism is a kind of an extension to the Marxist theory; it is a combination of a range of 20^th century schools of thoughts that alter Marxist theory. Both these theories Marxism and neo-Marxism are essential to understand in order to deeply learn the dynamics about the society.

Neo-Marxist basically argues that Marx ignored the dialectical processes and saw economic sector as preeminent, Neo Marxism emerged because of some inherent flaws in classical Marxism. Neo Marxist sees imperialism as accountable for underdevelopment. Sometimes neo Marxism is used in a sense that describes a kind of opposition to the ideologies of the leading Marxist truths. Marx argued that as a result of capitalism two classes emerge in as society i.e. bourgeoisie and proletariat however neo Marxist argued that there are more than two classes in a society, and they argue in their dependency theories that it is the west which is keeping the third world under developed. Most of the ideas in the neo Marxism were developed by Weber and he defined the status group as “the group of people who own generally the same amount of symbolic and social capital in the community”. So this basically means that it is not only the bourgeoisie who exploit the have-nots but also those people belonging to the high status group play a major role in the exploitation of working class.

According to my point of view I think that it is really hard to bring the Marxist revolution in Pakistan of 21^st century, as things have changed now our economic structure has intensely rooted in capitalism and privatization, also in the name of globalization western world is reinforcing their policies. While analyzing the current situation of Pakistan, Pakistan has a huge agricultural sector and on the other hand there is a growing industrial sector as well so it is really difficult to bring Marxist’s revolution in the 21^st century of Pakistan.

So it is concluded that, it is really difficult to apply the Marxist ideas in the present world because over the period of time things have totally changed, now the economic structure of the countries have been changed, they are now in the favor of privatization and capitalism whereas Marxist theory was against the system of capitalism because for Marx the system of capitalism is exploitative for the working class. While on the other hand I think that the circumstances of Pakistan in 21^st century can be best understood in reference to the neo Marxism and for me neo – Marxist’s ideas are applicable in the present world.